Amoebae in Water Systems Pose Rising Threat to Global Health

A hidden danger in water systems is growing: amoebae that survive extreme conditions and harbor deadly pathogens.

Free-living amoebae, including Naegleria fowleri, are spreading globally due to climate change and aging water systems. These organisms thrive in environments where other microbes perish, making them particularly challenging to control. Their resilience extends to common disinfectants like chlorine, which often fail to eliminate them entirely.

Researchers have identified a concerning phenomenon: these amoebae act as 'Trojan horses' for bacteria and viruses. By sheltering within amoebae, pathogens evade the effects of disinfectants and persist in water systems. This dual role—as both direct pathogens and carriers—amplifies their threat to public health.

Rising global temperatures are expanding the geographic range of heat-tolerant amoebae. Warmer conditions allow species like Naegleria fowleri to infect humans more frequently, particularly in regions previously considered low-risk. The authors of the study emphasize that this environmental shift demands urgent attention.

Longfei Shu said:

"What makes these organisms particularly dangerous is their ability to survive conditions that kill many other microbes."

The study advocates for an integrated One Health strategy to address the threat. This approach combines public health initiatives, environmental research, and water management practices. Shu highlights the interconnected nature of the problem:

Longfei Shu said:

"Amoebae are not just a medical issue or an environmental issue. They sit at the intersection of both."

Without coordinated action, the spread of free-living amoebae could worsen. Aging infrastructure and climate change will likely exacerbate the problem, increasing the risk of waterborne infections. The authors stress that solutions must address both the biological and environmental factors at play.

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